02937nas a2200253   4500000000100000008004100001260001700042100001600059700001400075700001900089700001200108700001600120700001900136700001700155700001700172700001400189700001900203245014900222250001500371300001000386490000800396520223300404020004602637       2012                            d  c-356633151641 aNinomiya T.1 aCass Alan1 aNavaneethan S.1 aKang A.1 aNigwekar S.1 aZoungas Sophia1 aStrippoli G.1 aGallagher M.1 aJardine M1 aPerkovic Vlado00aThe effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease: systematic review and meta-analysis  a2012/06/15  ae35330 v3443 a<p>
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on cardiovascular outcomes in people with kidney disease. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov to June 2011. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised trials in people with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease or end stage kidney disease or with a functioning kidney transplant reporting at least 100 patient years of follow-up and assessing the effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering therapy. No language restrictions were applied. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted data on study setting, design, and outcomes using a standardised form. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiovascular mortality, or as defined by study author). Secondary endpoints included the individual composite components, all cause mortality, access thrombosis, requirement for renal replacement therapy, and reported adverse events, including haematological and neurological events. The effect of folic acid based homocysteine lowering on outcomes was assessed with meta-analysis using random effects models. RESULTS: 11 trials were identified that reported on 4389 people with chronic kidney disease, 2452 with end stage kidney disease, and 4110 with functioning kidney transplants (10 951 participants in total). Folic acid based homocysteine therapy did not prevent cardiovascular events (relative risk 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.03, P=0.326) or any of the secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of heterogeneity in subgroup analyses, including those of kidney disease category, background fortification, rates of pre-existing disease, or baseline homocysteine level. The definitions of chronic kidney disease varied widely between the studies. Non-cardiovascular events could not be analysed as few studies reported these outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Folic acid based homocysteine lowering does not reduce cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease. Folic acid based regimens should not be used for the prevention of cardiovascular events in people with kidney disease.
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